Contraceptive implants

Contraceptive Implants

Contraceptive implants are a form of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) that provide effective birth control for an extended period. These implants are small, flexible rods or capsules that are inserted under the skin, typically in the upper arm, and release hormones to prevent pregnancy.

Mechanism of Action

Contraceptive implants primarily work by releasing a progestin hormone, such as etonogestrel or levonorgestrel, which prevents ovulation. The hormone also thickens cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus, and alters the endometrial lining, reducing the likelihood of implantation.

Types of Contraceptive Implants

There are several types of contraceptive implants available, including:

• Nexplanon: A single-rod implant that contains etonogestrel and is effective for up to three years.
• Jadelle: A two-rod implant containing levonorgestrel, effective for up to five years.

Insertion and Removal

The insertion of a contraceptive implant is a minor surgical procedure performed under local anesthesia. The healthcare provider uses a special applicator to place the implant under the skin. Removal is also a minor procedure, where a small incision is made to extract the implant.

Effectiveness

Contraceptive implants are over 99% effective in preventing pregnancy, making them one of the most reliable forms of birth control. Their effectiveness is not dependent on user compliance, unlike oral contraceptives.

Advantages

• Long-term protection against pregnancy.
• Low maintenance, as it does not require daily attention.
• Rapid return to fertility after removal.
• Suitable for women who cannot use estrogen-based contraceptives.

Disadvantages

• May cause irregular menstrual bleeding.
• Requires a healthcare provider for insertion and removal.
• Possible side effects include headaches, weight gain, and mood changes.

Contraindications

Contraceptive implants may not be suitable for women with certain medical conditions, such as:

• Active liver disease.
• History of breast cancer.
• Unexplained vaginal bleeding.

See Also

• Intrauterine device
• Oral contraceptive pill
• Barrier methods of contraception

References

• World Health Organization: Family Planning - A Global Handbook for Providers
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Contraception

External Links

• Planned Parenthood: Birth Control Implant