Corbel

Corbelled House on Grootfontein Farm, off the R63 interior roof

Swell Tor Corbels

Colegiata de Cervatos - Canecillos sobre la portada

Ugarit Corbel

Broadway tower POTY 2016 banner

Corbel is an architectural term that refers to a structural piece of stone, wood, or metal jutting from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight, a type of bracket. Corbels are found in many different types of architecture around the world and have been used since ancient times. They serve both a functional and decorative purpose, often being elaborately carved or molded.

History

The use of corbels dates back to before the medieval period, with examples found in Mesopotamian architecture, Ancient Egyptian architecture, and throughout the ruins of the Roman Empire. In medieval architecture, corbels often took the form of human figures, animals, or mythical creatures and were used to support balconies, parapets, and other overhangs. This practice continued into the Gothic period, where corbels were an essential element in the support structures of cathedrals and other large buildings.

Design and Function

A corbel functions by transferring a load from the wall to which it is attached down to the foundation of the building. The design of a corbel must consider the weight it needs to support and the distribution of that weight. In traditional architecture, corbels were often made of stone or wood, but modern corbels can be made from a variety of materials, including concrete and steel.

The decorative aspect of corbels varies widely. In some cases, the corbel is a simple protrusion designed for function over form. In other instances, corbels are intricately carved or molded, serving as a decorative element that reflects the architectural style of the building. Gothic corbels, for example, are known for their elaborate designs, featuring figures of saints, animals, or grotesques.

Types of Corbels

There are several types of corbels, including:

- Classical Corbels: These are inspired by the designs found in ancient Greek and Roman architecture and are characterized by their symmetrical shapes and formal designs. - Gothic Corbels: Gothic corbels are more elaborate, often featuring figures from religious or mythical themes. - Romanesque Corbels: These corbels are simpler than Gothic ones, with rounded arches and less elaborate carvings. - Modern Corbels: In modern architecture, corbels can be made from a variety of materials and are often used in a more minimalist or functional manner.

Applications

Corbels are used in a variety of architectural applications, including:

- Supporting balconies or overhangs - As a decorative element on the exterior of buildings - Inside homes as support for shelves or mantels - In the design of furniture, such as in the support structure of a table or as a decorative element on cabinetry

Conclusion

Corbels are a versatile architectural element that combines functionality with aesthetics. Their use throughout history demonstrates their importance in architecture, both for their structural support and for their decorative potential. Whether in ancient temples, medieval cathedrals, or modern homes, corbels continue to be a significant feature in both traditional and contemporary architecture.