Cortinarius violaceus

Cortinarius violaceus, commonly known as the violet webcap or violet cort, is a species of mushroom belonging to the large genus Cortinarius. It is notable for its distinctive dark violet coloration, both in its cap and stem, and the presence of a cobweb-like veil, or cortina, a characteristic feature of many species within its genus. This mushroom is found in coniferous and mixed forests, forming mycorrhizal associations with various types of trees, which is crucial for nutrient exchange in forest ecosystems.

Description

Cortinarius violaceus features a cap that ranges from 5 to 15 cm in diameter, initially convex before flattening out with age, often with a slight umbo. The surface of the cap is dry, smooth to slightly fibrillose, and intensely violet, although it may fade to brownish with age or upon drying. The gills are adnate to emarginate, crowded, and initially violet, becoming brown as the spores mature. The stem is robust, measuring 5 to 12 cm in height and 1 to 2 cm in diameter, with a similar violet coloration that fades over time. A distinctive feature is the presence of a violet cortina, a type of spiderweb-like veil, in young specimens, which disintegrates as the mushroom matures, leaving behind a ring zone on the stem.

The spore print of Cortinarius violaceus is rusty brown, typical of the Cortinarius genus. Spores are broadly ellipsoid, measuring 11-14 x 7-9 µm, with a rough surface.

Habitat and Distribution

Cortinarius violaceus is primarily found in the northern hemisphere, widespread in Europe, North America, and parts of Asia. It grows in both coniferous and mixed forests, often in mossy areas. This species forms symbiotic mycorrhizal relationships with the roots of various trees, including pines, spruces, and firs, aiding in the nutrient exchange between the soil and the trees.

Edibility

The edibility of Cortinarius violaceus is a subject of debate, but it is generally considered inedible due to its tough texture and the potential confusion with other toxic Cortinarius species. Some sources suggest that it may be edible after thorough cooking, but due to the risk of confusion with dangerous species, it is not recommended for consumption.

Conservation

As of the current knowledge, Cortinarius violaceus does not appear to be under any immediate threat. However, like many fungi, it could be susceptible to changes in forest management practices and habitat loss. Conservation of its habitat, particularly old-growth forests where it is often found, is essential for the preservation of this species.

See Also

• Mycorrhiza
• Cortinarius
• List of inedible fungi