Costard

Thomas Weston as Costard

Costard is a historical term referring to a type of apple. The Costard apple was once a popular variety in England, known for its large size and excellent keeping qualities. The name "Costard" has been in use since the Middle Ages, and it is believed that the apple variety might have originated during this period. The Costard apple played a significant role in the development of apple cultivation in England and was one of the main varieties grown and sold in the country until the 18th century.

History

The Costard apple's history is deeply intertwined with the agricultural and culinary traditions of England. Its cultivation dates back to the medieval period, where it was valued for its size and storage capability. The apple was commonly sold by street vendors called "costermongers," a term that is derived from "Costard" and "monger," meaning seller. This profession gave rise to the term "costermonger," which is still used today to describe street vendors, particularly those selling fruit and vegetables in the United Kingdom.

Characteristics

The Costard apple is known for its large size, making it a popular choice for cooking and baking. It has a tough skin and a firm flesh that holds up well during cooking, making it ideal for pies and other baked goods. The flavor of the Costard apple is mildly sweet with a hint of acidity, a characteristic that made it a versatile ingredient in both sweet and savory dishes.

Cultivation

The cultivation of Costard apples was widespread in England during the medieval and early modern periods. The apple trees were often found in the orchards of monasteries, where monks would cultivate them not only for their fruit but also for the production of cider. The Costard variety was known for its hardiness and ability to thrive in the English climate, making it a staple in English orchards for centuries.

Decline

The popularity of the Costard apple began to decline in the 18th century with the introduction of new apple varieties from abroad. These new varieties offered different flavors and textures, leading to a decrease in the cultivation of Costard apples. Additionally, changes in agricultural practices and the urbanization of England led to a reduction in the number of orchards, further contributing to the decline of this once-popular apple variety.

Legacy

Despite its decline, the Costard apple has left a lasting legacy in England. The term "costermonger" remains a part of the English language, serving as a reminder of the time when Costard apples were sold on the streets of England. Additionally, the apple's history is a testament to the importance of fruit cultivation in English agricultural history.