Crataegus coccinea

Crataegus pedicellata Blüte

Crataegus coccinea, commonly known as the scarlet hawthorn, is a species of hawthorn in the family Rosaceae. This deciduous tree or shrub is native to the eastern United States, where it is found in a variety of habitats from Alabama to New York. It is notable for its attractive white flowers, scarlet fruits, and vibrant fall foliage, making it a popular choice for ornamental use in gardens and landscapes.

Description

Crataegus coccinea typically grows to a height of 5-15 meters, with a dense, rounded crown. The leaves are simple, ovate to rhomboidal, 5-10 cm long, with serrated margins and a glossy, dark green surface. In the fall, the leaves turn a striking red or orange, adding seasonal interest to the landscape.

The tree produces clusters of white flowers in late spring, which are followed by bright red pomes (fruit) in the fall. The fruits are approximately 1 cm in diameter, containing one to five seeds, and are a food source for various species of birds and mammals, contributing to the biodiversity of their ecosystems.

Habitat and Distribution

Crataegus coccinea is adaptable to a wide range of soil types and conditions but prefers well-drained soils in full sun to partial shade. It is found in forests, forest edges, and open fields, often as a component of the understory in mixed hardwood forests.

The species is distributed throughout the eastern United States, with its range extending from Alabama north to New York and west to Missouri. It is particularly common in the Appalachian region, where it contributes to the understory diversity of deciduous forests.

Cultivation and Uses

In horticulture, Crataegus coccinea is valued for its ornamental qualities, including its showy flowers, fruit, and autumn foliage. It is used in landscape design for residential and public spaces, and its compact size makes it suitable for use as a street tree in urban environments.

Beyond its ornamental value, the scarlet hawthorn has been used in traditional medicine, though scientific evidence supporting its efficacy is limited. The fruits have been used to make jellies and jams, although they are not widely consumed.

Conservation

While Crataegus coccinea is not currently listed as endangered or threatened, its habitat is subject to the general pressures facing many native species, including habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change. Conservation efforts focus on preserving natural habitats and promoting the use of native plants in landscaping to support biodiversity.

See Also

• Hawthorn
• Rosaceae
• Deciduous trees
• Ornamental plants