Crataegus crus-galli

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Crataegus crus-galli, commonly known as the Cockspur Hawthorn, is a species of hawthorn that belongs to the family Rosaceae. This deciduous tree or shrub is native to the eastern United States, extending into the southern parts of Canada. It is widely recognized for its distinctive long, sharp thorns, which can reach lengths of up to 3 inches, and its glossy, broad leaves. The species name crus-galli means "leg of a rooster," referring to the shape of its thorns.

Description

Crataegus crus-galli typically grows to a height of 20 to 35 feet, with a similar spread. Its leaves are dark green, glossy, and obovate to elliptical in shape, turning a striking red or orange in the fall. The tree produces small, white flowers in late spring, which are followed by red berries (pomes) that persist into winter, providing food for various species of birds and wildlife.

The bark of the Cockspur Hawthorn is rough and gray, adding to the tree's ornamental value, especially in the winter months when the leaves have fallen. Its formidable thorns make it a popular choice for defensive hedges, although this characteristic may also limit its use in areas frequented by children and pets.

Habitat and Distribution

Originally from the eastern regions of North America, Crataegus crus-galli has adapted to a wide range of soil types, though it prefers moist, well-drained soils. It is found in USDA hardiness zones 4 through 7, indicating its ability to withstand a variety of climates from cold to temperate.

The species thrives in full sun to partial shade and is often seen in open woodlands, along fence rows, and in fields. Its adaptability has also made it a popular choice for urban and suburban landscaping, despite its thorns.

Cultivation and Uses

Crataegus crus-galli is valued not only for its ornamental features but also for its durability and resistance to many diseases that commonly affect hawthorns, such as fire blight. It is used in landscape design for its attractive foliage, flowers, and fruit, as well as for its utility in forming hedges and barriers.

In addition to its landscaping uses, the Cockspur Hawthorn has been used in traditional medicine, although it is not as well-known for medicinal purposes as some other hawthorn species. The berries, leaves, and flowers are believed to have various health benefits, but scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited.

Conservation

While Crataegus crus-galli is not currently listed as endangered or threatened, its natural habitats are increasingly under pressure from urban development and agricultural expansion. Conservation efforts focus on preserving natural areas where this and other native hawthorn species can thrive.

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See Also

• Hawthorn
• Rosaceae
• Ornamental plant
• Traditional medicine