Crataegus monogyna

(MHNT) Crataegus monogyna - flowers and buds

Eenstijlige meidoorn (Crataegus monogyna branch)

Common hawthorn

Pink and brown (4627395373)

Hawthorn St Mars

Crataegus monogyna, commonly known as the common hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, May-tree, or simply hawthorn, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. It is native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia and has been introduced to many other parts of the world. It is a deciduous tree or shrub that can grow up to 15 meters in height, known for its deep lobed leaves, white or pink flowers, and red berries or haws.

Description

Crataegus monogyna is characterized by its spiny branches, lobed leaves, and dense clusters of white flowers that bloom in late spring. The flowers are highly scented and are followed by small, apple-like, red berries called haws in the autumn. These berries are an important food source for many birds and mammals. The leaves are dark green and deeply lobed, turning yellow and red before falling in autumn.

Habitat and Distribution

Originally from Europe, Crataegus monogyna has been widely planted around the world in temperate regions. It prefers well-drained soils and can be found in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, scrublands, hedgerows, and even urban areas. It is particularly noted for its use in agricultural hedging, where its dense, thorny nature makes it an effective barrier for livestock.

Uses

Historically, Crataegus monogyna has been used for a variety of purposes. The wood is hard and dense, making it valuable for tool handles and other small items requiring tough, durable wood. The haws have been used to make jellies, wines, and even medicines. In traditional medicine, hawthorn has been used to treat heart disease, high blood pressure, and digestive issues. However, its effectiveness for these conditions is not well-documented in scientific literature.

Ecology

Crataegus monogyna plays a significant role in its ecosystem. Its flowers provide nectar and pollen for a variety of insects, including bees and butterflies. The dense foliage offers nesting sites for birds, while the haws are a crucial autumn and winter food source for many species of birds and mammals. The plant also supports a number of fungal species and can be a host plant for various moth species.

Conservation

While Crataegus monogyna is not currently considered endangered, its habitat has been affected by agricultural development, urban expansion, and changes in land use. Conservation efforts focus on preserving traditional hedgerows and woodlands where this species thrives, as well as promoting its use in sustainable landscaping and rewilding projects.