Critical period

Critical period is a developmental stage during which the nervous system is especially sensitive to environmental stimuli. If, during this period, the organism does not receive the appropriate stimuli required to develop a given function, it may be difficult or even impossible to develop that function later in life.

Definition

The critical period is a specific time in development when certain skills or abilities are most easily learned. It is a concept used in the field of child development and education to explain the importance of timing in learning.

Characteristics

Critical periods are characterized by the fact that they are a 'one-time' opportunity for learning. If the organism does not receive the appropriate stimuli during this period, it may be difficult, or even impossible, to develop some functions later in life.

Examples

Examples of critical periods include the early years for language acquisition and the period of visual development in animals.

In Humans

In humans, the concept of a critical period is used in psychology, neuroscience, and in language acquisition theory. For example, the critical period for the development of a child's binocular vision is thought to be between three months and eight years.

In Animals

In animals, critical periods are also well-documented. For example, the critical period for imprinting in ducks is within the first 24 hours after hatching.

See Also

• Sensitive period
• Imprinting (psychology)
• Neuroplasticity
• Language acquisition
• Child development