Crown Gall

Crown Gall is a type of plant disease caused by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This disease is characterized by the formation of large, tumor-like swellings (galls) on the roots and lower stem of the infected plants. Crown Gall affects a wide range of dicotyledonous (dicot) plants, and is particularly problematic in horticulture and viticulture.

Causes

Crown Gall is caused by the soil-borne bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This bacterium has the unique ability to transfer a portion of its DNA into the plant cells, causing them to proliferate and form a gall. The transferred DNA integrates into the plant genome and alters the plant's growth and development.

Symptoms

The most obvious symptom of Crown Gall is the presence of galls or tumors on the roots and lower stem of the plant. These galls can range in size from small nodules to large, woody tumors. Other symptoms may include stunted growth, yellowing leaves (chlorosis), and reduced yield.

Management

Management of Crown Gall involves a combination of cultural practices and chemical treatments. Cultural practices include the use of disease-free planting material, proper sanitation of tools and equipment, and avoidance of injury to the plant. Chemical treatments may include the use of antibiotics or copper-based compounds.

Economic Impact

Crown Gall can have a significant economic impact, particularly in horticulture and viticulture. The disease can reduce yield and quality, and in severe cases, can result in the death of the plant.

See Also

• Plant Pathology
• Agrobacterium
• Horticulture
• Viticulture