Cryppavirales

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colspan=2 style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)" | Cryppavirales
colspan=2 style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)" | Virus classification

Cryppavirales is an order of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that belong to the class Allassoviricetes within the phylum Lenarviricota. This order is part of the larger domain Riboviria, which encompasses all RNA viruses that replicate via an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The order Cryppavirales is characterized by its unique genomic and structural features, which distinguish it from other orders within the same class.

Taxonomy

The order Cryppavirales is divided into several families, each containing multiple genera and species. The classification is based on genetic, structural, and functional characteristics of the viruses. The families within Cryppavirales include:

• Botourmiaviridae
• Yadokariviridae

Each family contains viruses that infect a variety of hosts, including plants, fungi, and invertebrates. The diversity within this order reflects the wide range of ecological niches that these viruses occupy.

Genomic Structure

Viruses in the order Cryppavirales possess a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. The genome size can vary significantly between different families and genera, but it typically ranges from 3 to 10 kilobases. The genome encodes for several proteins, including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which is essential for viral replication.

Replication Cycle

The replication cycle of Cryppavirales viruses involves the following steps:

1. Attachment and Entry: The virus attaches to the host cell surface receptors and enters the cell through endocytosis or direct fusion with the cell membrane. 2. Translation: Once inside the host cell, the viral RNA is translated by the host's ribosomes to produce viral proteins. 3. Replication: The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary negative-sense RNA strand, which serves as a template for the production of new positive-sense RNA genomes. 4. Assembly and Release: New viral particles are assembled in the host cell cytoplasm and released to infect other cells.

Pathogenicity and Host Interaction

Cryppavirales viruses can infect a wide range of hosts, including plants, fungi, and invertebrates. The interaction between these viruses and their hosts can vary from mutualistic to pathogenic, depending on the specific virus and host involved. Some Cryppavirales viruses have been studied for their potential use in biological control of plant pathogens.

Research and Applications

Research on Cryppavirales is ongoing, with studies focusing on understanding their molecular biology, evolution, and potential applications in biotechnology and agriculture. The unique properties of these viruses make them interesting candidates for use in gene delivery systems and as tools for studying RNA virus evolution.

Also see

• Riboviria
• Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus
• RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
• Virus classification

Virus classification

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Diagram of a virus structure