Cryptic rabies

Cryptic Rabies is a form of rabies that occurs in humans and animals without a known history of exposure to the rabies virus. This form of rabies is often diagnosed post-mortem and is considered a public health concern due to its potential for human transmission.

Etiology

Cryptic rabies is caused by the rabies virus, a member of the Rhabdoviridae family. The virus is typically transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, but in cases of cryptic rabies, the source of infection is unknown. This may be due to unreported or unrecognized exposures, such as bites from small or asymptomatic animals.

Clinical Presentation

The clinical presentation of cryptic rabies is similar to that of classic rabies. Symptoms may include fever, headache, general weakness or discomfort, and encephalitis. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience delirium, abnormal behavior, hallucinations, and insomnia.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of cryptic rabies is challenging due to the lack of a known exposure history. Laboratory testing, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) tests, can be used to confirm the presence of the rabies virus. Post-mortem examination of brain tissue is often necessary for definitive diagnosis.

Treatment and Prevention

There is no specific treatment for cryptic rabies once symptoms have appeared. Management is supportive and focuses on relieving symptoms and maintaining comfort. Prevention of cryptic rabies involves public education about the risks of animal bites and the importance of seeking medical attention for any potential exposures.

Epidemiology

Cryptic rabies is a rare form of the disease, but cases have been reported worldwide. The true incidence is unknown due to underreporting and misdiagnosis. Cryptic rabies represents a significant public health concern due to the potential for human transmission and the difficulty in identifying and controlling the source of infection.

See Also

• Rabies
• Rhabdoviridae
• Encephalitis