Crystal system
Crystal System[edit | edit source]
In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal system is a set of rules and parameters that describe the geometric arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice. These systems categorize crystals based on their symmetry and the lengths and angles between their crystallographic axes. There are seven crystal systems, each with its own unique characteristics and properties.
Cubic System[edit | edit source]
The cubic system, also known as the isometric system, is characterized by three mutually perpendicular axes of equal length. This system exhibits the highest degree of symmetry, with all angles being 90 degrees. Examples of minerals that belong to the cubic system include diamond, fluorite, and halite.
Tetragonal System[edit | edit source]
The tetragonal system is similar to the cubic system, but with one axis being longer or shorter than the other two. The angles between the axes are still 90 degrees. Minerals such as zircon and rutile are classified under this system.
Orthorhombic System[edit | edit source]
The orthorhombic system is characterized by three axes of different lengths, all perpendicular to each other. The angles between the axes are 90 degrees. Common minerals in this system include topaz, aragonite, and olivine.
Monoclinic System[edit | edit source]
The monoclinic system has three axes of different lengths, with only one axis being perpendicular to the other two. The angles between the axes are not all 90 degrees. Minerals such as gypsum, orthoclase, and azurite belong to this system.
Triclinic System[edit | edit source]
The triclinic system is the least symmetrical of all the crystal systems. It has three axes of different lengths, with none of them being perpendicular to each other. The angles between the axes are also not all 90 degrees. Minerals like labradorite, microcline, and turquoise fall into this system.
Hexagonal System[edit | edit source]
The hexagonal system is characterized by four axes, three of which are of equal length and lie in the same plane, forming angles of 120 degrees. The fourth axis is perpendicular to the other three. Minerals such as quartz, calcite, and beryl are classified under this system.
Trigonal System[edit | edit source]
The trigonal system is similar to the hexagonal system, but with one axis being longer or shorter than the other two. The angles between the axes are still 120 degrees. Notable minerals in this system include corundum, tourmaline, and garnet.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
