Cubitus

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Cubitus

Cubitus, commonly referred to as the elbow, is a complex joint in the human body that connects the upper arm to the forearm. It plays a crucial role in the movement and functionality of the arm, allowing for a wide range of motion including flexion, extension, pronation, and supination.

Anatomy of the Cubitus

The cubitus is composed of three bones: the humerus, the radius, and the ulna. These bones articulate to form the elbow joint, which is classified as a hinge joint with rotational capabilities.

Bones

• Humerus: The distal end of the humerus forms the upper part of the elbow joint. It features two prominent structures, the trochlea and the capitulum, which articulate with the ulna and radius, respectively.
• Ulna: The ulna is the medial bone of the forearm. Its proximal end features the olecranon, which forms the bony prominence of the elbow and articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.
• Radius: The radius is the lateral bone of the forearm. Its head articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna, allowing for rotational movement.

Ligaments

The stability of the cubitus is maintained by several ligaments:

• Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL): Provides medial stability to the elbow.
• Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL): Provides lateral stability.
• Annular Ligament: Encircles the head of the radius, holding it in place and allowing for rotation.

Muscles

Several muscles are involved in the movement of the cubitus:

• Biceps Brachii: Responsible for flexion and supination of the forearm.
• Triceps Brachii: Responsible for extension of the forearm.
• Brachialis: Assists in flexion of the elbow.
• Pronator Teres: Assists in pronation of the forearm.

Function

The primary functions of the cubitus include:

• Flexion and Extension: Allowing the arm to bend and straighten.
• Pronation and Supination: Allowing the forearm to rotate, turning the palm up or down.

Common Conditions and Injuries

The cubitus is susceptible to various conditions and injuries, including:

• Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis): Inflammation of the tendons on the outer part of the elbow.
• Golfer's Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis): Inflammation of the tendons on the inner part of the elbow.
• Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow.
• Elbow Fractures: Breaks in one or more of the bones forming the elbow joint.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of elbow conditions typically involves physical examination, imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI, and sometimes nerve conduction studies. Treatment may include rest, physical therapy, medication, or surgery, depending on the severity and nature of the condition.

Also see

• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna
• Tennis Elbow
• Golfer's Elbow
• Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

Resources

Latest articles - Cubitus

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Source: Data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Since the data might have changed, please query MeSH on Cubitus for any updates.

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