Cultural appropriation

Cossack man from the steppes of Russia

Tattooed model wearing a war bonnet

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Monet Japonaise

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George IV in kilt, by Wilkie

FedExField - Redskins Jaguars pregame field

Caroline Burke and friends dressed in Native American costume on the porch of her home, Seattle, Washington, 1909 (AYP 88)

Cultural appropriation is a concept in sociology and cultural studies that describes the adoption of elements of one culture by members of another culture. This can be controversial when members of a dominant culture appropriate from disadvantaged minority cultures. Cultural appropriation is often considered harmful because it can perpetuate stereotypes, reduce sacred artifacts to fashion statements, and deprive the original culture of credit or economic benefits. However, opinions on what constitutes cultural appropriation and whether it is always negative vary widely.

Definition and Examples

Cultural appropriation involves the use of a culture's symbols, artifacts, genres, rituals, or technologies by members of another culture. This can range from adopting certain styles of dress or music to using religious symbols in fashion without understanding their significance. Examples include the use of Native American headdresses by non-Natives as fashion accessories, the commercialization of Yoga in the West, and the adoption of African American vernacular English by individuals outside of that community.

Controversy and Debate

The controversy surrounding cultural appropriation lies in the power dynamics between cultures. Critics argue that when elements of a minority culture are taken out of context and used by a dominant culture, it can lead to a form of cultural erasure or exploitation. This is particularly contentious when the appropriated element has a deep cultural, religious, or historical significance. Proponents of cultural exchange, however, argue that sharing between cultures can lead to mutual appreciation and innovation. The debate often centers on the intention behind the appropriation and the respect shown to the source culture.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

While cultural appropriation is primarily a social and ethical issue, there are legal aspects, particularly concerning intellectual property rights. However, cultural elements often cannot be copyrighted or trademarked in the same way as individual works of art, making legal protection challenging. Ethically, the focus is on respect, consent, and acknowledgment. Many advocate for a more thoughtful engagement with other cultures, emphasizing the importance of understanding the significance of cultural elements and seeking permission from cultural custodians when possible.

Impact on Communities

The impact of cultural appropriation on minority communities can be significant. It can lead to the commodification of cultural practices, diluting their meaning and reducing them to stereotypes. This not only disrespects the culture but can also have economic impacts, where the original creators are not compensated for their cultural contributions. Furthermore, it can contribute to a sense of loss or erosion of cultural identity within these communities.

Navigating Cultural Appropriation

To navigate the complexities of cultural appropriation, individuals and organizations are encouraged to engage in cultural appreciation instead. This involves educating oneself about the culture, showing respect for its traditions and practices, and acknowledging the source of the cultural elements being used. It also means supporting the communities by ensuring they receive recognition and, where appropriate, compensation for their cultural contributions.