Curschmann spirals

Mucous spirals found in the sputum of patients with certain respiratory conditions

Curschmann spirals
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Cough, wheezing, shortness of breath
Complications
Onset
Duration
Types	N/A
Causes	Asthma, chronic bronchitis
Risks
Diagnosis	Sputum analysis
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment
Medication	N/A
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Deaths	N/A

Curschmann spirals are coiled mucous threads that can be found in the sputum of patients suffering from certain respiratory conditions, most notably asthma and chronic bronchitis. These spirals are named after the German physician Heinrich Curschmann, who first described them in the late 19th century.

Pathophysiology

Curschmann spirals are formed from the shedding of epithelial cells and mucus in the airways. In conditions like asthma, the airways become inflamed and produce excess mucus. This mucus can become thick and tenacious, leading to the formation of these characteristic spirals. The spirals are often seen in conjunction with Charcot-Leyden crystals, which are formed from the breakdown of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell involved in allergic responses.

Clinical Significance

The presence of Curschmann spirals in sputum is indicative of airway hyperreactivity and mucus hypersecretion. They are most commonly associated with asthma, where they can be seen during an acute exacerbation. In chronic bronchitis, the spirals may also be present due to chronic inflammation and mucus production.

Diagnosis

Curschmann spirals are typically identified through microscopic examination of sputum samples. The spirals appear as twisted, corkscrew-like structures and can be stained to enhance visibility. Their presence, along with other findings such as eosinophilia and Charcot-Leyden crystals, can aid in the diagnosis of asthma and other respiratory conditions.

Treatment

While Curschmann spirals themselves do not require specific treatment, their presence indicates underlying respiratory conditions that need to be addressed. Management of asthma, for example, involves the use of bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, and other medications to reduce inflammation and control symptoms. In chronic bronchitis, treatment focuses on reducing mucus production and improving airflow.

Also see

• Asthma
• Chronic bronchitis
• Charcot-Leyden crystals
• Eosinophilia
• Sputum