Curvularia

Curvularia is a genus of fungi in the family Pleosporaceae. It is known for its role in both plant and human diseases. The genus was first described by Karel Bernard Boedijn in 1933. Members of this genus are commonly found in soil and are known to be pathogens of various plants, causing leaf spots, blights, and other diseases. Some species are also opportunistic pathogens in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Morphology

Curvularia species are characterized by their darkly pigmented, septate hyphae and conidia. The conidia are typically curved, which is a distinguishing feature of the genus. They are multicellular, with transverse septa, and are produced on sympodial conidiophores. The curvature of the conidia is often more pronounced in the central cell, giving them a crescent shape.

Ecology

Curvularia species are saprophytic, meaning they feed on dead or decaying organic matter. They are commonly found in soil, plant debris, and on various plant hosts. Some species are endophytes, living inside plant tissues without causing apparent harm, while others are pathogenic.

Pathogenicity

Plant Pathogens

Curvularia species are known to cause a variety of plant diseases, including leaf spots, blights, and root rots. For example, Curvularia lunata is a well-known pathogen of rice, causing leaf spot disease. These fungi can significantly impact agricultural productivity by reducing crop yields and quality.

Human Pathogens

In humans, Curvularia species are considered opportunistic pathogens. They can cause infections such as keratitis, sinusitis, and onychomycosis, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. Curvularia infections are relatively rare but can be serious, requiring antifungal treatment.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of Curvularia infections involves microscopic examination of clinical specimens, culture, and molecular techniques such as PCR. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, with the choice of drug depending on the site and severity of the infection.

Research and Importance

Curvularia species are of interest in both agricultural and medical research. Understanding their pathogenic mechanisms can help in developing strategies to control plant diseases and treat human infections. Additionally, some species have been studied for their potential in bioremediation and as sources of bioactive compounds.

Also see

• Fungal infection
• Ascomycota
• Pleosporales
• Opportunistic infection