Cytological

Cytology is the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells. It is through cytology that we understand the life processes at the cellular level. This includes the study of cell structure, cell organelles, cell cycle, cell division, and cell metabolism.

History

The term "cytology" was first used by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli in his book Die Cellularpathologie published in 1858. The study of cells became possible with the invention of the microscope. The first person to describe cells was Robert Hooke in 1665.

Cell Structure

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. They are composed of cytoplasm and enclosed by a cell membrane. The cytoplasm contains various organelles such as nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes.

Cell Function

Cells perform various functions necessary for the survival of an organism. This includes protein synthesis, cellular respiration, cell division, and cell differentiation.

Cell Division

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. There are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.

Cell Metabolism

Cell metabolism refers to the set of chemical reactions that occur in a cell to maintain its life. This includes catabolism (the breaking down of molecules to obtain energy) and anabolism (the synthesis of all compounds needed by the cells).

See Also

• Histology
• Cell biology
• Microbiology
• Molecular biology

References

Cytological Resources
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