Döderlein's bacillus

Döderlein's bacillus is a term historically used to describe a group of beneficial bacteria found in the vagina of healthy women. These bacteria are now identified as predominantly belonging to the genus Lactobacillus. They play a crucial role in maintaining the vaginal microbiome by producing lactic acid, which helps keep the vaginal environment acidic. This acidic environment is essential for inhibiting the growth of harmful pathogens and maintaining vaginal health.

Characteristics

Döderlein's bacillus, or Lactobacillus species, are Gram-positive bacteria that are rod-shaped and anaerobic. They are part of the normal vaginal flora and are known for their ability to ferment glucose to produce lactic acid. The production of lactic acid is a key factor in maintaining the acidic pH of the vagina, which ranges from 3.5 to 4.5. This acidic environment is hostile to many pathogenic microorganisms, thereby protecting the host from infections.

Function

The primary function of Döderlein's bacillus is to maintain the natural acidity of the vagina. By producing lactic acid, these bacteria ensure that the vaginal environment remains inhospitable to harmful bacteria and yeast, thus playing a vital role in preventing bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, and other vaginal infections. Additionally, they contribute to the overall health of the vaginal microbiome, which is crucial for reproductive health.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the composition of the vaginal microbiota, including a decrease in the population of Döderlein's bacillus, can lead to an increased risk of vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis. This condition is characterized by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria, leading to symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge, odor, and discomfort. Restoring the balance of the vaginal microbiota, including the reestablishment of Lactobacillus species, is often a focus of treatment for such infections.

History

The term "Döderlein's bacillus" is named after the German gynecologist Albert Döderlein, who first described these bacteria in 1892. Döderlein's work highlighted the importance of these bacteria in maintaining vaginal health and their role in protecting against infections.

See Also

• Microbiome
• Lactic acid bacteria
• Vaginal flora
• Bacterial vaginosis