DDX1

DDX1

The structure of DDX1 protein.

DDX1 (DEAD-box helicase 1) is a protein encoded by the DDX1 gene in humans. It belongs to the DEAD-box RNA helicase family, which is involved in various cellular processes, including RNA metabolism, translation, and RNA-protein interactions. DDX1 plays a crucial role in RNA processing and is implicated in several diseases and biological pathways.

Structure

The DDX1 protein consists of several conserved domains, including the DEAD-box helicase domain, which is responsible for its RNA helicase activity. This domain contains nine conserved motifs involved in ATP binding and hydrolysis. DDX1 also contains an N-terminal domain that interacts with other proteins and RNA molecules, contributing to its diverse functions.

Function

DDX1 is primarily involved in RNA metabolism, including RNA splicing, export, and translation. It acts as an RNA helicase, unwinding RNA duplexes and facilitating the remodeling of RNA-protein complexes. DDX1 also interacts with various RNA-binding proteins, contributing to the regulation of RNA processing and stability.

Furthermore, DDX1 has been implicated in the innate immune response, where it plays a role in the recognition and degradation of viral RNA. It interacts with components of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) pathway, promoting the production of type I interferons and the activation of antiviral defense mechanisms.

Role in Disease

DDX1 dysregulation has been associated with several diseases. In cancer, DDX1 expression levels have been found to be altered in various types of tumors, including breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. It has been suggested that DDX1 may act as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor, depending on the cellular context.

Additionally, DDX1 has been implicated in viral infections, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is involved in the replication and translation of viral RNA, making it a potential target for antiviral therapies. Furthermore, DDX1 has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, although the exact mechanisms are still under investigation.

References

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