Dahlia

Dahlia

Dahlia in full bloom

Dahlia is a genus of bushy, tuberous, herbaceous perennial plants native to Mexico and Central America. The genus is a member of the Asteraceae family, which also includes the sunflower, daisy, chrysanthemum, and zinnia. There are 42 species of dahlia, with hybrids commonly grown as garden plants.

Description

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Dahlia blooming in a garden

Dahlias are known for their strikingly beautiful flowers, which come in a wide range of colors and forms. The plants can vary in height from as low as 30 cm (1 foot) to as tall as 1.8–2.4 meters (6–8 feet). The flowers can be as small as 5 cm (2 inches) in diameter or up to 30 cm (1 foot) across.

The leaves are generally pinnate, with serrated edges, and the stems are hollow. Dahlias are unique among garden plants in that they have tuberous roots, which store nutrients and allow the plant to survive through periods of dormancy.

Cultivation

Dahlia bud about to bloom

Dahlias are typically grown from tubers, which are planted in the spring after the last frost. They require a sunny location with well-drained soil. Regular watering and fertilization are necessary to promote healthy growth and abundant flowering.

Dahlias are susceptible to a number of pests and diseases, including aphids, slugs, and powdery mildew. Proper care and maintenance, such as removing dead flowers and leaves, can help prevent these issues.

Varieties

Dahlia almost fully bloomed

There are thousands of dahlia cultivars, which are classified into several groups based on flower shape and size. Some popular types include:

• Single-flowered dahlias: These have a single row of petals and a visible central disc.
• Anemone-flowered dahlias: These have a central disc surrounded by one or more rings of flat petals.
• Cactus dahlias: These have narrow, pointed petals that give the flower a spiky appearance.
• Pompon dahlias: These have small, ball-shaped flowers with tightly packed petals.

Propagation

Dahlia flower buds

Dahlias can be propagated by dividing the tubers, taking cuttings, or growing from seed. Dividing tubers is the most common method and is typically done in the spring. Each division should have at least one "eye" or growth point.

Uses

Dahlias are primarily grown for their ornamental value. They are popular in gardens and as cut flowers due to their vibrant colors and diverse forms. In addition to their aesthetic appeal, dahlias have been used in traditional medicine and as a food source in some cultures.

History

Dahlia plant with multiple blooms

Dahlias were first discovered by European botanists in the 16th century during explorations of Mexico. They were named after the Swedish botanist Anders Dahl. The plants were introduced to Europe in the late 18th century and quickly became popular in gardens across the continent.

Related pages

• Asteraceae
• Perennial plant
• Flower
• Garden plant

Dahlia buds in various stages

Gallery

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  Dahlia in full bloom