Dalbergia melanoxylon

Dalbergia melanoxylon, commonly known as African Blackwood, is a flowering plant species in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is native to the seasonally dry regions of Africa, spanning from Senegal east to Eritrea and south to the northern regions of South Africa. This species is highly valued for its dense, dark, resinous wood, often used in the manufacture of musical instruments and fine furniture.

Dalbergia melanoxylon tree

Description

Dalbergia melanoxylon is a small to medium-sized tree, typically reaching 4–15 meters in height. The bark is grey, and the leaves are deciduous, compound, and arranged alternately on the stem. The leaflets are small and numerous. The flowers are white to pale yellow, small, and arranged in axillary clusters. The fruit is a pod, containing one to several seeds.

The wood of Dalbergia melanoxylon is exceptionally hard and dense, with a specific gravity of over 1.2, making it sink in water. It has a fine, even texture and a very smooth finish when polished, making it highly sought after for detailed workmanship.

Habitat and Distribution

Dalbergia melanoxylon is found in the savannahs and dry woodland areas of Africa. Its distribution is widespread, covering several countries across the continent. The tree prefers arid, open landscapes and is often found at elevations up to 2000 meters. It is adapted to environments with seasonal rainfall and can withstand long periods of drought.

Uses

The wood of Dalbergia melanoxylon is prized for its beauty, durability, and resistance to insect attacks. It is commonly used in the manufacture of musical instruments, such as clarinets, oboes, and bagpipes, due to its ability to produce a rich, clear sound. Additionally, it is used in making fine furniture, ornamental objects, and veneers. The wood is also valued in traditional African medicine for its supposed healing properties.

Conservation

Due to its high value and overexploitation, Dalbergia melanoxylon is considered vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Illegal logging and habitat destruction are significant threats to its survival. Conservation efforts are underway to ensure sustainable management and protection of this species, including the implementation of CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) regulations to control its trade.

See Also

• Fabaceae
• Sustainable management
• CITES
• Conservation status