Dayak

Dayak

Regions with significant populations
Indonesia, primarily in Kalimantan; minorities in Malaysia (mostly in Sarawak and Sabah)
Languages
Various Dayak languages, Indonesian, Malay
Religion
Predominantly Christian (Protestant, Catholic); significant animist and Muslim minorities
Related ethnic groups
Other Austronesian peoples

The Dayak or Dyak are a group of indigenous people native to the island of Borneo, which is divided among three countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. The Dayak are divided into over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic subgroups, each with its own language, culture, and customs. Despite their diversity, the Dayak people share common linguistic and cultural roots that classify them within the broader Austronesian family.

History

The Dayak were traditionally animist in belief; however, many have converted to Christianity and Islam due to missionary work and Islamic influence, respectively. Historically, the Dayak were known for practicing headhunting, a ritual that has since been abolished and is no longer practiced.

Culture

Dayak culture is rich and varied, encompassing traditional dances, music, weaving, and the famous longhouses, which are communal living structures that can house multiple families under one roof. These longhouses are built on stilts and can be quite elaborate in design and decoration, especially during festivals such as Gawai Dayak, a harvest festival celebrated by many Dayak people.

Language

The Dayak languages belong to the Austronesian language family, which includes hundreds of individual languages spoken across the island of Borneo. These languages are categorized into several branches, such as Ibanic, Kayanic, and Kenyah.

Religion

The religious practices of the Dayak people are diverse. While a significant number have adopted Christianity and Islam, many still practice traditional religions, which are broadly categorized under the term "animism". These traditional beliefs involve the worship of ancestral spirits and nature spirits.

Contemporary issues

Today, the Dayak face several challenges, including land disputes with the government and private companies over traditional territories, which are often rich in natural resources. These disputes have sometimes led to conflict and displacement of Dayak communities.

See also

• Indigenous peoples of Borneo
• Gawai Dayak
• Austronesian peoples
• Headhunting