Death masks of Mycenae

Mycenaean Gold Funerary Masks (28422663946)

Death Masks of Mycenae are a collection of gold funeral masks that were discovered in the Grave Circle A at Mycenae, an archaeological site in the Peloponnese of Greece. These artifacts date back to the late 16th century BC, during the height of the Mycenaean civilization, and are among the most significant and iconic findings associated with Mycenaean art and culture.

Discovery

The masks were unearthed by Heinrich Schliemann in 1876, who was conducting excavations in search of the historical sites mentioned in the works of Homer. Schliemann's discovery of the masks, along with other precious items in the graves, provided tangible evidence of the wealth and sophistication of the Mycenaean civilization, which had previously been known primarily through literary sources.

Description

The death masks are crafted from sheets of gold and are believed to represent the faces of Mycenaean royalty and nobility. The most famous of these masks is the so-called "Mask of Agamemnon," named by Schliemann after the legendary king of Mycenae mentioned in Homer's Iliad. However, modern archaeological research has shown that this mask, along with the others, predates the time of Agamemnon by several centuries.

Each mask is unique, depicting different facial features and expressions, suggesting they may have been modeled after the actual faces of the deceased. The technique used to create the masks involved hammering the gold sheet into a wooden or clay mold, which was then detailed with engraving tools to define the facial features.

Significance

The Death Masks of Mycenae are significant for several reasons. Firstly, they provide insight into the funerary practices and beliefs of the Mycenaean Greeks, indicating a belief in an afterlife where the representation of one's physical appearance was important. Secondly, the craftsmanship and material suggest a society of considerable wealth and artistic skill. Finally, these artifacts serve as a direct link to the Mycenaean people, offering a personal, human aspect to our understanding of ancient civilizations.

Controversy

The identification of the masks, particularly the Mask of Agamemnon, has been the subject of debate. Some scholars argue that Schliemann's eagerness to connect his findings with Homeric legends led him to prematurely identify the mask as belonging to Agamemnon. Despite this controversy, the masks remain an iconic symbol of Mycenaean art and culture.

In Popular Culture

The Death Masks of Mycenae have captured the imagination of the public and have been featured in various forms of media, including literature, documentaries, and exhibitions. Their iconic status is a testament to their enduring fascination and importance in the study of ancient civilizations.