Deep temporal artery

Deep Temporal Arteries are significant arteries within the human head that primarily supply blood to the temporalis muscle, which is involved in the chewing (mastication) of food. These arteries are branches of the maxillary artery, which is itself a major branch of the external carotid artery. The deep temporal arteries are categorized into anterior and posterior branches, each serving different portions of the temporalis muscle.

Anatomy

The deep temporal arteries arise from the second part of the maxillary artery as it courses through the infratemporal fossa. The anterior deep temporal artery ascends between the temporalis muscle and the pericranium, supplying the anterior part of the muscle. In contrast, the posterior deep temporal artery follows a similar path but supplies the posterior part of the temporalis muscle. These arteries anastomose (connect) with the middle temporal artery, a branch of the superficial temporal artery, ensuring a rich blood supply to the muscle.

Function

The primary function of the deep temporal arteries is to supply oxygenated blood to the temporalis muscle. This muscle plays a crucial role in the mastication process by elevating the mandible (lower jaw) and thus closing the mouth. The efficient blood supply from the deep temporal arteries ensures that the temporalis muscle can sustain its activity during prolonged periods of chewing.

Clinical Significance

The deep temporal arteries may be involved in certain medical conditions. For example, their proximity to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) means that inflammation or trauma in this area can potentially affect these arteries. Additionally, during surgical procedures in the temporal region, care must be taken to avoid damaging the deep temporal arteries to prevent excessive bleeding and ensure the continued health of the temporalis muscle.

Surgical Considerations

In surgeries involving the maxillary artery or its branches, the deep temporal arteries must be identified and preserved to maintain the blood supply to the temporalis muscle. Their location and course are important landmarks for surgeons, especially in procedures related to the temporomandibular joint or in reconstructive surgeries of the face.