Demerara

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BR-GUI-B2-Demerary & Essequebo-Two Joes (22 Guilders each)(1830s)

Demerara is a historical region in the Guianas on the north coast of South America which is now part of Guyana. Demerara was named after the Demerara River which flows through the region. The area was originally settled by the Dutch in the 17th century before coming under British control in the late 18th century. The economy of Demerara was heavily based on sugar cane cultivation, which was worked by enslaved Africans until the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1834. Following abolition, labor was supplemented by indentured workers from India, shaping the demographic and cultural landscape of the region.

History

The name "Demerara" comes from an indigenous word meaning "river of the letter wood". The Dutch established the colony of Demerara in the mid-17th century as part of their larger colonization efforts in the Guianas. The region was ceded to the British in 1814 under the Treaty of London, becoming a part of British Guiana, which later gained independence in 1966 as the modern nation of Guyana.

During the colonial period, Demerara grew to become a major sugar producer. The sugar cane industry shaped the region's economy and society, leading to the establishment of large plantations. The labor force initially consisted of enslaved Africans, and after the abolition of slavery, indentured laborers from India were brought to work on the sugar plantations. This history of forced labor and migration has had a lasting impact on the demographic and cultural composition of Guyana.

Geography

Demerara is located in the northern part of South America, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the Demerara River to the east, and the Essequibo River to the west. The region is characterized by its fertile coastal plains which are ideal for sugar cane cultivation. The capital of Guyana, Georgetown, is situated in Demerara, serving as the country's political and economic center.

Economy

The economy of Demerara has historically been dominated by the sugar industry. Sugar production played a crucial role in the region's development and was the backbone of the economy for several centuries. In recent years, the economy has diversified, with sectors such as rice cultivation, mining (including bauxite and gold), and timber gaining importance. However, sugar remains a significant part of the economy and cultural identity of the region.

Culture

The culture of Demerara is a reflection of its diverse history, with influences from the indigenous peoples, Africans, Indians, Europeans, and other groups who have inhabited the region. This multicultural heritage is evident in the region's cuisine, music, festivals, and languages. English is the official language, but languages such as Guyanese Creole, Hindi, and others are also spoken.

Demerara Sugar

Demerara sugar, named after the region, is a type of raw sugar with a large grain and a pale amber color. It is known for its crunchy texture and caramel flavor, making it a popular topping for baked goods and a sweetener for beverages. The production of Demerara sugar is one of the enduring legacies of the region's sugar cane industry.