Dextransucrase

Dextransucrase

Structure of Dextransucrase enzyme

Dextransucrase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of dextran, a type of polysaccharide. It is commonly found in certain bacteria, particularly species of Leuconostoc and Streptococcus. Dextransucrase catalyzes the transfer of glucose units from sucrose molecules to the growing dextran chain, resulting in the elongation of the polysaccharide.

Structure

The structure of dextransucrase consists of a single polypeptide chain with multiple domains. It typically contains a catalytic domain responsible for the enzymatic activity, as well as various auxiliary domains that contribute to substrate binding and enzyme stability. The catalytic domain contains the active site where the transfer of glucose units takes place.

Function

Dextransucrase functions by utilizing sucrose as a substrate to produce dextran. The enzyme cleaves the sucrose molecule into its constituent glucose and fructose units. It then transfers the glucose unit to the growing dextran chain, while the fructose unit is released. This process is repeated multiple times, resulting in the elongation of the dextran polymer.

Applications

Dextran produced by dextransucrase has various applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology industries. Due to its high molecular weight and water-soluble nature, dextran is often used as a stabilizer, thickening agent, or emulsifier in food products. It can also be utilized as a drug carrier in pharmaceutical formulations, as it can improve the solubility and bioavailability of certain drugs.