Diaporthe eres

Diaporthe eres (10.3897-mycokeys.59.38055) Figure 6

Diaporthe eres is a species of fungus belonging to the family Diaporthaceae. It is a significant plant pathogen that affects a wide range of host plants, causing diseases such as stem canker, dieback, and fruit rot. This fungus is part of the Diaporthe (also known as Phomopsis) genus, which includes several species known for their impact on agricultural and horticultural systems worldwide.

Description

Diaporthe eres produces both sexual (perithecia) and asexual (pycnidia) fruiting bodies, which are key to its identification and life cycle. The perithecia are embedded in the host tissue, dark in color, and spherical, while the pycnidia are similar in appearance but produce asexually derived spores. The spores produced by Diaporthe eres are hyaline, unicellular, and elliptical, playing a crucial role in the dissemination of the fungus.

Host Range and Symptoms

Diaporthe eres has a broad host range, affecting numerous species across various families. It is particularly notorious for its impact on woody plants, including but not limited to grapevines, nut trees, and fruit trees. The symptoms of infection vary depending on the host species but commonly include stem cankers, leaf spots, dieback, and fruit rot. In grapevines, for example, it causes Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, leading to reduced yield and fruit quality.

Ecology and Distribution

This fungus is found in temperate to tropical regions worldwide, with its distribution closely tied to the presence of susceptible host plants. Diaporthe eres thrives in moist, humid conditions, which facilitate the production and release of spores. The spores are primarily dispersed by rain splash but can also be spread by wind and contaminated plant material.

Management

Management of Diaporthe eres involves an integrated approach combining cultural, biological, and chemical strategies. Cultural practices such as the removal of infected plant material, pruning to improve air circulation, and avoiding overhead irrigation can reduce the prevalence of the fungus. Biological control options are currently limited but under investigation. Chemical control, including the use of fungicides, may be necessary in severe cases or for high-value crops. However, the development of resistance and environmental concerns necessitate careful consideration and judicious use of these products.

Research

Ongoing research aims to better understand the biology, ecology, and management of Diaporthe eres. Studies focus on the identification of resistant plant varieties, the development of effective biological control agents, and the elucidation of the pathogen's life cycle and infection mechanisms. Such research is crucial for developing sustainable management strategies for this and related pathogens.

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