Dichromate
Dichromate[edit | edit source]
Dichromate refers to the anion with the chemical formula Cr₂O₇²⁻. It is a powerful oxidizing agent and is commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Dichromates are salts of dichromic acid and are typically orange to red in color. The most common dichromate is potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇).
Structure and Properties[edit | edit source]
Dichromate ions consist of two chromium atoms in the +6 oxidation state, each bonded to four oxygen atoms. The structure can be described as two tetrahedra sharing one corner, with a Cr-O-Cr bond angle of approximately 126°. The dichromate ion is a strong oxidizing agent, especially in acidic conditions, where it can be reduced to Cr³⁺.
Chemical Reactions[edit | edit source]
Dichromates are involved in a variety of chemical reactions, particularly as oxidizing agents. In acidic solutions, dichromate ions can oxidize alcohols to ketones or carboxylic acids, and they can also oxidize iodide ions to iodine.
Reaction with Alcohols[edit | edit source]
In the presence of sulfuric acid, dichromate ions can oxidize primary alcohols to carboxylic acids and secondary alcohols to ketones. For example:
- 3 C₂H₅OH + 2 K₂Cr₂O₇ + 8 H₂SO₄ → 3 CH₃COOH + 2 Cr₂(SO₄)₃ + 2 K₂SO₄ + 11 H₂O
Reaction with Iodide[edit | edit source]
Dichromate ions can oxidize iodide ions to iodine in acidic solutions:
- Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 6 I⁻ + 14 H⁺ → 2 Cr³⁺ + 3 I₂ + 7 H₂O
Uses[edit | edit source]
Dichromates are used in a variety of applications:
- Industrial Applications: Used in the manufacture of pigments, wood preservatives, and as a corrosion inhibitor.
- Laboratory Reagent: Commonly used in titrations and as a cleaning agent for laboratory glassware.
- Photography: Used in photographic processing and in the preparation of photographic plates.
Health and Safety[edit | edit source]
Dichromates are highly toxic and carcinogenic. They can cause severe skin burns and are harmful if inhaled or ingested. Proper safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, are essential when handling dichromates.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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