Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a highly aggressive and difficult to treat brain tumor found at the base of the brain. It is a type of glioma, a tumor that arises from the brain's supportive tissue. DIPG primarily affects children, with most diagnoses occurring between 5 and 7 years of age. DIPG makes up 10-15% of all brain tumors in children.

Symptoms

The symptoms of DIPG are caused by the tumor pressing on the nerves that control the body's essential functions. Symptoms can include double vision, weakness on one side of the body, and problems with coordination and balance. Other symptoms can include nausea, fatigue, and problems with speech and swallowing.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of DIPG is usually made based on the child's symptoms and the results of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The MRI can show the location and size of the tumor. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for DIPG is challenging due to the tumor's location in the brainstem. The standard treatment is radiation therapy, which can help to shrink the tumor and relieve symptoms. However, radiation therapy is not a cure for DIPG. Other treatments, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies, are being studied in clinical trials.

Prognosis

The prognosis for DIPG is poor, with a median survival time of 9-12 months. However, some children with DIPG live for several years. The prognosis depends on many factors, including the child's age, the size of the tumor, and the child's overall health.

Research

Research into new treatments for DIPG is ongoing. Scientists are studying the genetics of DIPG tumors, as well as testing new drugs and therapies in clinical trials.

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