Digitoxin

Digitoxin is a cardiac glycoside, a type of drug that can increase the force of heart contractions, control heart rate, and alleviate symptoms of heart failure. It is derived from the leaves of the Digitalis purpurea plant, also known as the purple foxglove.

History

Digitoxin was first isolated in 1875 by the English physician Sir William Withering, who recognized the therapeutic potential of Digitalis purpurea in treating heart conditions. It has been used in medical practice for over a century.

Pharmacology

Digitoxin works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in the membranes of heart cells. This increases the amount of calcium inside the cells, which strengthens heart contractions and slows the heart rate.

Medical Uses

Digitoxin is used to treat various heart conditions, including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and heart failure. It can be used when other treatments are ineffective or contraindicated.

Side Effects

Common side effects of digitoxin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. More serious side effects can include cardiac arrhythmias, hyperkalemia, and digitalis toxicity, which can be life-threatening.

Contraindications

Digitoxin is contraindicated in patients with ventricular fibrillation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and certain types of heart block. It should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease, as it is primarily excreted by the kidneys.

See Also

• Digitalis
• Cardiac glycoside
• Heart failure

References

Digitoxin Resources
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