Diphenylcyanoarsine

Clark 2

Diphenylcyanoarsine-3D-spacefill

Diphenylcyanoarsine (DC), also known as Clark I, is a chemical compound used as a chemical warfare agent. It is classified as a vomiting agent or lacrimator, similar to other agents such as chloropicrin (PS) and diphenylchloroarsine (DA). The use of DC and similar compounds in warfare is governed by various international laws and treaties, including the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which prohibits the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, or use of chemical weapons.

Chemistry

Diphenylcyanoarsine is an organoarsenic compound with the chemical formula C_13H_10AsN. It is synthesized through the reaction of chlorodiphenylarsine with sodium cyanide (NaCN) in the presence of a suitable solvent. The compound is a solid at room temperature and is known for its high volatility and ability to disperse quickly in the air, making it effective as an airborne irritant.

History

The development of DC dates back to World War I, where it was first synthesized and evaluated for military use. However, its deployment as a chemical warfare agent was more prominent in the years leading up to and during World War II. The use of such chemical agents has been a subject of controversy and ethical debate, leading to the establishment of international agreements aimed at controlling and eventually eliminating the use of chemical weapons.

Effects and Treatment

Exposure to diphenylcyanoarsine can cause severe irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. The primary mode of action is irritation, leading to tearing (lacrimation), vomiting, and severe discomfort. These effects are intended to incapacitate individuals temporarily, rather than to cause fatal injuries. Treatment for exposure includes removal from the contaminated area, decontamination of the skin and eyes with water or saline solution, and supportive medical care to manage symptoms.

Legal Status

The production and use of diphenylcyanoarsine, along with other chemical warfare agents, are strictly regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Signatory nations are required to declare and destroy any stockpiles of chemical weapons and are prohibited from using, producing, or transferring such materials. The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) oversees the implementation of the CWC and works towards the goal of a world free of chemical weapons.

See Also

• Chemical warfare
• Chemical Weapons Convention
• Lacrimatory agent
• Organic arsenic compounds