Discoid meniscus
Discoid meniscus is a rare human anatomical variant that usually affects the knee joint. In this condition, the meniscus is thicker and disc-shaped, unlike the normal crescent-shaped meniscus. This anomaly is most commonly found in the lateral meniscus and can lead to a range of knee problems, including pain, swelling, and instability.
Anatomy[edit | edit source]
The meniscus is a fibrocartilaginous structure in the knee joint that acts as a shock absorber between the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone). There are two menisci in each knee: the medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus. The normal meniscus is crescent-shaped, but in a discoid meniscus, it is disc-shaped.
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
Discoid meniscus is a rare condition, with a reported prevalence of 0.4% to 17% in the general population. It is more common in Asian populations and is often bilateral, meaning it affects both knees.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Patients with discoid meniscus often present with knee pain, swelling, and instability. They may also experience a clicking or popping sensation in the knee. The symptoms usually begin in childhood or adolescence.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of discoid meniscus is typically made using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This imaging technique can clearly show the shape and thickness of the meniscus, allowing for a definitive diagnosis.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
The treatment for discoid meniscus depends on the severity of the symptoms. Conservative treatment options include physical therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). If these treatments are not effective, surgical intervention may be necessary. The most common surgical procedure is a meniscectomy, in which the abnormal portion of the meniscus is removed.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for discoid meniscus is generally good, especially if the condition is diagnosed and treated early. However, some patients may develop osteoarthritis in the affected knee later in life.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD