Dissociatives

Dissociatives are a class of hallucinogen which distort perceptions of sight and sound and produce feelings of detachment – dissociation – from the environment and self. This is done through reducing or blocking signals to the conscious mind from other parts of the brain. Although many kinds of drugs are capable of such action, dissociatives are unique in that they do so in such a way that they produce hallucinogenic effects, which may include sensory deprivation, dissociation, hallucinations, and dream-like states or trances. Some, which are nonselective in action and affect the dopamine and/or opioid systems, may be capable of inducing euphoria. Many dissociatives have general depressant effects and can produce sedation, respiratory depression, analgesia, anesthesia, and ataxia, as well as cognitive and memory impairment and amnesia.

History

The use of dissociatives has been documented throughout human history, starting with the use of alcohol, which is one of the oldest and most common dissociative substances. Other examples include the use of plants such as peyote and cannabis in Native American and shamanic rituals. In modern times, dissociatives are used in a variety of medical and non-medical contexts, including in psychotherapy, anesthesia, and recreational drug use.

Pharmacology

Dissociatives are believed to work by disrupting the action of glutamate, a neurotransmitter in the brain that is involved in the perception of pain, in memory, and in various other neurological functions. This disruption can result in a wide range of effects, from mild detachment and disorientation to complete dissociation from reality.

Effects

The effects of dissociatives can vary greatly depending on the specific drug, the dose, the method of administration, and the individual user. They can include changes in sensory perception, feelings of detachment or dissociation, hallucinations, and changes in thought processes. Some users report experiencing profound insights or personal revelations, while others may experience fear, paranoia, or panic.

Risks

While some dissociatives are used medically and others are used recreationally, all have potential risks. These can include physical risks such as respiratory depression, nausea, and loss of motor control, as well as psychological risks such as anxiety, panic attacks, and psychosis. Chronic use can lead to cognitive impairment, memory loss, and addiction.

See also

• Psychedelic drug
• Deliriant
• Hallucinogen

References

Dissociatives Resources
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