Dog breed

Given the unique combination of topics you've requested, "Carbon price" and "Dog breed," it appears you're asking for an article that combines elements of environmental economics with canine genetics or breeding practices. Since these topics don't naturally overlap in a single encyclopedia article, I'll create a structured response that addresses each topic separately within the constraints provided.

Carbon Price

Carbon pricing is an approach used to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions through the economic principle of putting a monetary cost on emitting carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases. This strategy aims to incentivize polluters to reduce their carbon emissions in a cost-effective manner. There are two main types of carbon pricing: carbon tax and emissions trading systems (ETS), also known as cap-and-trade systems.

Carbon Tax

A carbon tax directly sets a price on carbon by defining a tax rate on greenhouse gas emissions or - more commonly - on the carbon content of fossil fuels. It is straightforward to administer and allows businesses and consumers to make informed decisions about their consumption and investments, taking the cost of carbon into consideration.

Emissions Trading Systems (ETS)

An emissions trading system (ETS), or cap-and-trade system, caps the total level of greenhouse gas emissions and allows industries with low emissions to sell their extra allowances to larger emitters. This market-based approach provides economic incentives for reducing emissions where it is most cost-effective to do so.

Dog Breed

A dog breed is a specific group of dogs that have been bred over many generations to perform particular tasks, such as herding, hunting, or guarding, as well as to have a consistent set of physical and behavioral characteristics. Dog breeds are typically recognized by various Kennel clubs and breed registries which establish the breed standards, including appearance, temperament, and other criteria.

Classification

Dog breeds can be broadly classified into groups based on their intended purpose or characteristics. These groups include working dogs, herding dogs, sporting dogs, hound dogs, terrier dogs, toy dogs, and non-sporting dogs. Each breed within these groups shares common traits that suit them for their specific tasks or roles.

Breed Standards

Breed standards are detailed guidelines used to ensure that the dogs bred under their auspices maintain a degree of uniformity in appearance and behavior. These standards are set by official bodies such as the American Kennel Club (AKC) or the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) and cover aspects such as size, coat type, color, and temperament.

Conservation and Ethics

The breeding of dogs is a subject of ethical debate, focusing on issues such as the health of the dogs, genetic diversity, and the potential for certain breeding practices to cause harm. Conservation efforts are also in place for some rare and ancient breeds to ensure their survival and maintain genetic diversity within the canine population.