Dogbane

Hylaeus pictus 2

Milkweed - or oleander - aphid, Aphis nerii

Dogbane is a common name for plants in the Apocynaceae family, which is a large family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines. Dogbane is particularly associated with the genera Apocynum and Vinca, which contain species known for their medicinal properties, ornamental value, and, in some cases, toxicity. These plants are found in various environments worldwide, from tropical to temperate regions.

Description

Dogbane plants typically have simple, opposite leaves and produce milky sap. The flowers are often small and can be white, pink, or greenish, arranged in clusters. They are known for their complex structure, which is adapted to pollination by insects. The fruit is usually a pair of follicles that contain numerous seeds with tufts of silky hairs, aiding in wind dispersal.

Ecology

Dogbane is an important source of nectar for a variety of pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and moths. However, the milky sap of these plants contains cardiac glycosides, which are toxic to many animals, including humans and livestock. Despite their toxicity, some species of dogbane are used by caterpillars of certain butterfly species as host plants.

Uses

Historically, Native Americans used fibers from Apocynum cannabinum (Indian hemp) for making twine, fishing nets, and other items. Some dogbane species are used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, although their use is limited by their toxicity.

In horticulture, several dogbane species, especially those in the Vinca genus, are cultivated for their attractive flowers and as ground cover plants. Vinca minor (common periwinkle) and Vinca major (greater periwinkle) are widely used in gardens and landscapes.

Conservation

While many dogbane species are common and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and overharvesting for medicinal use or ornamental trade have led to declines in some populations. Conservation efforts are necessary to ensure the sustainability of these species, particularly those with limited distributions.

See Also

• Herbal medicine
• Pollination
• Toxic plants
• Horticulture