Dogiel cells

A detailed overview of Dogiel cells in the human nervous system

Overview

Dogiel cells are a type of neuron found in the autonomic nervous system. They are named after the Russian histologist Alexander Dogiel, who first described them in the late 19th century. These cells are characterized by their unique morphology and are primarily located in the sympathetic ganglia.

Morphology

Dogiel cells are known for their distinct shape and structure. They typically have a large, round cell body with multiple dendritic processes extending from it. These dendrites are often highly branched, allowing for extensive synaptic connections with other neurons. The axon of a Dogiel cell is usually long and projects to various target tissues, including smooth muscle, glands, and blood vessels.

Diagram of a Dogiel cell in the sympathetic ganglion

Function

The primary function of Dogiel cells is to transmit signals within the autonomic nervous system. They play a crucial role in the regulation of involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. By relaying signals from the central nervous system to peripheral organs, Dogiel cells help maintain homeostasis in the body.

Types of Dogiel Cells

There are several types of Dogiel cells, each with specific characteristics and functions:

• Dogiel Type I: These cells have a multipolar shape with numerous dendrites and are primarily involved in the transmission of excitatory signals.
• Dogiel Type II: These cells are often bipolar or unipolar and are associated with inhibitory functions.
• Dogiel Type III: Characterized by their large size and extensive dendritic arborization, these cells are involved in complex integrative functions within the ganglia.

Clinical Significance

Dogiel cells are important in understanding various autonomic disorders. Dysfunction in these cells can lead to conditions such as autonomic neuropathy, which affects the normal functioning of the autonomic nervous system. Research into Dogiel cells continues to provide insights into the treatment of such disorders.

Related pages

• Autonomic nervous system
• Sympathetic nervous system
• Neuron
• Alexander Dogiel