Dubnium

Dubnium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Db and atomic number 105. It is named after the town of Dubna in Russia, where it was first produced. Dubnium is a member of the transactinide elements and is part of the d-block of the periodic table. It is placed in group 5 and period 7.

History

Dubnium was first reported in 1967 by scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. The discovery was later confirmed by researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California, United States. The element was named after the town of Dubna, reflecting the contributions of the JINR team.

Properties

Dubnium is a highly radioactive element, and only a few atoms have ever been produced. Due to its short half-life, its physical and chemical properties are not well known. However, it is expected to have properties similar to other group 5 elements, such as niobium and tantalum.

Isotopes

Several isotopes of dubnium have been synthesized, with dubnium-268 being the most stable, having a half-life of about 28 hours. Other isotopes include dubnium-261, dubnium-262, and dubnium-263, all of which have much shorter half-lives.

Production

Dubnium is produced in particle accelerators through the bombardment of lighter elements. For example, it can be created by bombarding californium with nitrogen nuclei. The production of dubnium is a complex process that requires sophisticated equipment and technology.

Applications

Due to its short half-life and the difficulty in producing it, dubnium has no practical applications outside of scientific research. It is primarily used in studies to understand the properties of heavy elements and the limits of the periodic table.

See also

• Transactinide elements
• Periodic table
• Synthetic elements
• Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

External links

Periodic table

Group	1	2		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
	Hydrogen & alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals												Triels	Tetrels	Pnicto­gens	Chal­co­gens	Halo­gens	Noble gases
Period 1	[[ hydrogen |Hydro­gen1H​1.0080]]																		[[ helium |He­lium2He​4.0026]]
2	[[ lithium |Lith­ium3Li​6.94]]	[[ beryllium |Beryl­lium4Be​9.0122]]												[[ boron |Boron5B​10.81]]	[[ carbon |Carbon6C​12.011]]	[[ nitrogen |Nitro­gen7N​14.007]]	[[ oxygen |Oxy­gen8O​15.999]]	[[ fluorine |Fluor­ine9F​18.998]]	[[ neon |Neon10Ne​20.180]]
3	[[ sodium |So­dium11Na​22.990]]	[[ magnesium |Magne­sium12Mg​24.305]]												[[ aluminium |Alumin­ium13Al​26.982]]	[[ silicon |Sili­con14Si​28.085]]	[[ phosphorus|Phos­phorus15P​30.974]]	[[ sulfur |Sulfur16S​32.06]]	[[ chlorine |Chlor­ine17Cl​35.45]]	[[ argon |Argon18Ar​39.95]]
4	[[ potassium |Potas­sium19K​39.098]]	[[ calcium |Cal­cium20Ca​40.078]]		[[ scandium |Scan­dium21Sc​44.956]]	[[ titanium |Tita­nium22Ti​47.867]]	[[ vanadium |Vana­dium23V​50.942]]	[[ chromium |Chrom­ium24Cr​51.996]]	[[ manganese |Manga­nese25Mn​54.938]]	[[ iron |Iron26Fe​55.845]]	[[ cobalt |Cobalt27Co​58.933]]	[[ nickel |Nickel28Ni​58.693]]	[[ copper |Copper29Cu​63.546]]	[[ zinc |Zinc30Zn​65.38]]	[[ gallium |Gallium31Ga​69.723]]	[[ germanium |Germa­nium32Ge​72.630]]	[[ arsenic |Arsenic33As​74.922]]	[[ selenium |Sele­nium34Se​78.971]]	[[ bromine |Bromine35Br​79.904]]	[[ krypton |Kryp­ton36Kr​83.798]]
5	[[ rubidium |Rubid­ium37Rb​85.468]]	[[ strontium |Stront­ium38Sr​87.62]]		[[ yttrium |Yttrium39Y​88.906]]	[[ zirconium |Zirco­nium40Zr​91.224]]	[[ niobium |Nio­bium41Nb​92.906]]	[[ molybdenum|Molyb­denum42Mo​95.95]]	[[ technetium|Tech­netium43Tc​[97]]]	[[ ruthenium |Ruthe­nium44Ru​101.07]]	[[ rhodium |Rho­dium45Rh​102.91]]	[[ palladium |Pallad­ium46Pd​106.42]]	[[ silver |Silver47Ag​107.87]]	[[ cadmium |Cad­mium48Cd​112.41]]	[[ indium |Indium49In​114.82]]	[[ tin |Tin50Sn​118.71]]	[[ antimony |Anti­mony51Sb​121.76]]	[[ tellurium |Tellur­ium52Te​127.60]]	[[ iodine |Iodine53I​126.90]]	[[ xenon |Xenon54Xe​131.29]]
6	[[ caesium |Cae­sium55Cs​132.91]]	[[ barium |Ba­rium56Ba​137.33]]		[[ lutetium |Lute­tium71Lu​174.97]]	[[ hafnium |Haf­nium72Hf​178.49]]	[[ tantalum |Tanta­lum73Ta​180.95]]	[[ tungsten |Tung­sten74W​183.84]]	[[ rhenium |Rhe­nium75Re​186.21]]	[[ osmium |Os­mium76Os​190.23]]	[[ iridium |Iridium77Ir​192.22]]	[[ platinum |Plat­inum78Pt​195.08]]	[[ gold |Gold79Au​196.97]]	[[ Mercury (element)|Mer­cury80Hg​200.59]]	[[ thallium |Thallium81Tl​204.38]]	[[ lead |Lead82Pb​207.2]]	[[ bismuth |Bis­muth83Bi​208.98]]	[[ polonium |Polo­nium84Po​[209]]]	[[ astatine |Asta­tine85At​[210]]]	[[ radon |Radon86Rn​[222]]]
7	[[ francium |Fran­cium87Fr​[223]]]	[[ radium |Ra­dium88Ra​[226]]]		[[ lawrencium |Lawren­cium103Lr​[266]]]	[[ rutherfordium|Ruther­fordium104Rf​[267]]]	[[ dubnium |Dub­nium105Db​[268]]]	[[ seaborgium |Sea­borgium106Sg​[269]]]	[[ bohrium |Bohr­ium107Bh​[270]]]	[[ hassium |Has­sium108Hs​[269]]]	[[ meitnerium |Meit­nerium109Mt​[278]]]	[[ darmstadtium |Darm­stadtium110Ds​[281]]]	[[ roentgenium |Roent­genium111Rg​[282]]]	[[ copernicium |Coper­nicium112Cn​[285]]]	[[ nihonium |Nihon­ium113Nh​[286]]]	[[ flerovium |Flerov­ium114Fl​[289]]]	[[ moscovium |Moscov­ium115Mc​[290]]]	[[ livermorium |Liver­morium116Lv​[293]]]	[[ tennessine |Tenness­ine117Ts​[294]]]	[[ oganesson |Oga­nesson118Og​[294]]]
				[[ lanthanum |Lan­thanum57La​138.91]]	[[ cerium |Cerium58Ce​140.12]]	[[ praseodymium|Praseo­dymium59Pr​140.91]]	[[ neodymium |Neo­dymium60Nd​144.24]]	[[ promethium |Prome­thium61Pm​[145]]]	[[ samarium |Sama­rium62Sm​150.36]]	[[ europium |Europ­ium63Eu​151.96]]	[[ gadolinium |Gadolin­ium64Gd​157.25]]	[[ terbium |Ter­bium65Tb​158.93]]	[[ dysprosium |Dyspro­sium66Dy​162.50]]	[[ holmium |Hol­mium67Ho​164.93]]	[[ erbium |Erbium68Er​167.26]]	[[ thulium |Thulium69Tm​168.93]]	[[ ytterbium |Ytter­bium70Yb​173.05]]
				[[ actinium |Actin­ium89Ac​[227]]]	[[ thorium |Thor­ium90Th​232.04]]	[[ protactinium|Protac­tinium91Pa​231.04]]	[[ uranium |Ura­nium92U​238.03]]	[[ neptunium |Neptu­nium93Np​[237]]]	[[ plutonium |Pluto­nium94Pu​[244]]]	[[ americium |Ameri­cium95Am​[243]]]	[[ curium |Curium96Cm​[247]]]	[[ berkelium |Berkel­ium97Bk​[247]]]	[[ californium |Califor­nium98Cf​[251]]]	[[ einsteinium |Einstei­nium99Es​[252]]]	[[ fermium |Fer­mium100Fm​[257]]]	[[ mendelevium|Mende­levium101Md​[258]]]	[[ nobelium |Nobel­ium102No​[259]]]

Primordial  From decay   Synthetic Border shows natural occurrence of the element

Standard atomic weight A_{r, std}(E)

• Ca: 40.078

— Abridged value (uncertainty omitted here)

• Po: [209] — mass number of the most stable isotope

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