Duke of Cumberland

Rupert of the Rhine

George, Prince of Denmark by Michael Dahl

Cumberland-Reynolds

Duke of Cumberland is a title in the Peerage of England that was created three times in history. It is named after the county of Cumberland, now part of Cumbria. The title has been historically associated with the Royal Family, specifically the sons of the monarch. Over the centuries, the Dukes of Cumberland have played various roles in the military, political, and social spheres of the United Kingdom.

Creation and History

The title was first created in 1644 for Prince Rupert of the Rhine, a nephew of King Charles I. However, this creation became extinct upon his death without heirs in 1682. The second creation was in 1689 for Prince George of Denmark, the husband of Queen Anne. This title also became extinct upon his death in 1708, as they had no surviving children.

The most notable creation of the title was in 1726 for Prince William Augustus, the third son of King George II. He is best known for his role in the Battle of Culloden in 1746, where he earned the nickname "Butcher Cumberland" for his harsh suppression of the Jacobite Rising. The title became extinct again in 1765 upon his death without legitimate heirs.

Controversies and Legacy

The Duke of Cumberland title has been associated with several controversial figures, particularly Prince William Augustus. His actions during and after the Battle of Culloden have been criticized for their brutality. The legacy of the Dukes of Cumberland reflects the complex history of the British monarchy and its interactions with various political and social movements over the centuries.

Modern Usage

In recent years, the title has not been recreated, and its historical associations, particularly with the 1746 creation, have perhaps contributed to its dormancy. The title remains a significant part of the history of British nobility, reflecting both the honor and the controversy that can come with high rank and proximity to the throne.

See Also

• Peerage of England
• Battle of Culloden
• Jacobite Rising
• Royal Family