Eared seal

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Otaria fg02

Sea lion family

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Ohrenrobbe vor der Küste Namibias

Eared seals are a group of marine mammals within the family Otariidae, one of the three main groups of pinnipeds. Unlike true seals (family Phocidae), eared seals have external ear flaps, which is a distinguishing feature of this family. This family includes species commonly known as sea lions and fur seals. Eared seals are found in coastal waters and the open ocean of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. They are especially known for their ability to walk on all fours, thanks to their more flexible flippers compared to true seals.

Characteristics

Eared seals are characterized by their external ear flaps, a feature absent in true seals. They have a more streamlined body compared to true seals, which aids in their agility in water. Their front flippers are large, allowing for efficient propulsion through water, while their rear flippers can rotate forward, enabling them to move on land with relative ease.

The diet of eared seals varies among species but generally includes fish, squid, and occasionally crustaceans. They have well-developed senses, including excellent underwater vision and sensitive whiskers, which help them detect prey in dark or murky waters.

Reproduction

Eared seals are known for their breeding colonies, where males establish territories and gather harems of females. The breeding season is a time of intense competition among males for control of territories and access to females. Females give birth to a single pup each year, usually returning to the same breeding site annually. The mother-pup bond is strong, with the mother providing milk and protection to her pup until it is weaned.

Conservation

Many eared seal species face threats from human activities, including habitat destruction, pollution, and direct hunting. Some species, like the Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and the Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus), are listed as vulnerable or endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Conservation efforts include protected areas, regulations on commercial fishing to reduce competition for food sources, and restrictions on hunting.

Classification

The family Otariidae is divided into two subfamilies: Arctocephalinae (fur seals) and Otariinae (sea lions). Key differences between fur seals and sea lions include fur density, with fur seals having a much thicker fur coat, and social behavior, with sea lions generally being more gregarious.

See also

• Pinnipeds
• True seals
• Walrus

External links

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