Education in Croatia

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Banovci School

View at Mimara Museum from Westin Zagreb

XV. gimnazija Zagreb (aerial)

Bjelovar srednjoskolski centar

NSK Zagreb

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Zadar Sveuciliste

Education in Croatia is a system with a long tradition, deeply rooted in history and influenced by various European educational models. The Croatian education system is structured to provide a comprehensive and accessible education to all citizens, from preschool to higher education and lifelong learning. The system is regulated by the Ministry of Science and Education, which ensures the implementation of laws and policies related to education.

History

The history of education in Croatia dates back to the Middle Ages, with the establishment of the first monastic schools and later, during the Renaissance, the opening of the first public schools and higher education institutions. The University of Zagreb, founded in 1669, stands as one of the oldest in South-East Europe. Over centuries, the Croatian education system has evolved, reflecting the country's social, political, and economic changes.

Structure

The Croatian education system can be divided into several stages:

Preschool Education

Preschool education (Early childhood education) is not compulsory in Croatia and caters to children from six months to six years of age. It is provided by kindergartens, which are either public or private. The focus is on early childhood development, including physical, emotional, and social development, as well as preparation for primary school.

Primary Education

Primary education is compulsory and lasts for eight years, divided into two cycles: the first four years (grades 1-4) and the second four years (grades 5-8). The curriculum includes Croatian language, mathematics, first foreign language, nature and society, fine arts, music, physical education, and technical culture. Upon completion, students take a final exam to assess their readiness for secondary education.

Secondary Education

Secondary education in Croatia is diverse, offering several options: gymnasiums (general education with a focus on preparing students for higher education), vocational schools (providing students with specific skills for the labor market), and art schools. Secondary education typically lasts four years, and students conclude it by passing the State Matura, which is necessary for university entrance.

Higher Education

Higher education in Croatia is aligned with the Bologna Process, offering three cycles: undergraduate (Bachelor's degree), graduate (Master's degree), and postgraduate (Doctoral degree). The country has a mix of public and private universities, polytechnics, and colleges, with the University of Zagreb being the largest and most prestigious.

Challenges and Reforms

The Croatian education system faces several challenges, including modernizing the curriculum, integrating technology into the classroom, and improving the quality and accessibility of education for all students. Recent reforms aim to address these issues, focusing on competency-based education, digital literacy, and inclusive education.

International Cooperation

Croatia actively participates in international educational programs such as Erasmus+, which promotes student and staff mobility, and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), which assesses educational systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students.