Edward III of England

Edward III of England

Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was one of the most significant monarchs of medieval England, reigning from 1327 until his death. His reign marked a period of significant military success and the beginning of the Hundred Years' War.

Early Life

Edward was born at Windsor Castle as the son of Edward II and Isabella of France. He was crowned king at the age of 14 after his father was deposed by his mother and her lover, Roger Mortimer.

Reign

Edward III's reign is noted for its military campaigns and the establishment of the Order of the Garter, one of the oldest and most prestigious orders of chivalry in the world.

The Hundred Years' War

Edward's claim to the French throne through his mother led to the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War in 1337. His early campaigns were marked by significant victories, including the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and the capture of Calais in 1347.

Domestic Policies

Domestically, Edward III's reign saw the development of the English Parliament and the strengthening of the monarchy. He was a patron of the arts and supported the construction of many Gothic buildings.

Family and Succession

Edward married Philippa of Hainault in 1328, and they had several children, including Edward, the Black Prince, who predeceased his father. Edward III was succeeded by his grandson, Richard II.

Legacy

Edward III is remembered for his military prowess and his role in the development of the English nation-state. His reign laid the groundwork for the Wars of the Roses due to the complex succession issues that arose from his numerous descendants.

See Also

• Edward II of England
• Isabella of France
• Hundred Years' War
• Order of the Garter

References

• Prestwich, Michael. The Three Edwards: War and State in England 1272–1377. Routledge, 2003.
• Ormrod, W. M. Edward III. Yale University Press, 2011.