Eight-hour day

Eight-hour day is a social and labor law that regulates the working hours per day, traditionally set to eight hours. The concept is rooted in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where industrial production in large factories transformed working life and imposed long hours and poor conditions. The eight-hour day movement advocated eight hours for work, eight hours for recreation, and eight hours for rest.

History

The first recorded advocacy for the eight-hour day was by Robert Owen, a Welsh industrialist and social reformer who raised the demand for a ten-hour day in 1810 and instituted it in his socialist enterprise at New Lanark. By 1817, he had formulated the goal of the eight-hour day and coined the slogan: "Eight hours labor, Eight hours recreation, Eight hours rest."

Implementation

The eight-hour day was introduced in the United States in the 1860s, following a long campaign by the labor movement. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 finally legislated the 40-hour workweek.

In Australia, the stonemasons of Sydney were among the first workers to achieve the eight-hour day in 1856, followed by Melbourne in 1858. The Australian Labor Party and the Trades Hall Council were instrumental in the campaign.

Impact

The eight-hour day has been credited with improving worker productivity and reducing workplace injuries. It has also been linked to improved mental health and reduced stress levels among workers.

See also

• Workweek and weekend
• Overtime
• Working time
• Fair Labor Standards Act
• Australian Labor Party
• Trades Hall Council