Electric generator

Electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. The process is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831-32. Faraday discovered that a potential difference is generated between the ends of an electrical conductor that moves perpendicular to a magnetic field. This movement creates a voltage difference between the two ends of the wire or electrical conductor, which causes the electric charges to flow, thus generating electric current.

History

The first electromagnetic generator, the Faraday disk, was invented by British scientist Michael Faraday in the early 1830s. The design of modern generators was based on Faraday's principle that moving a loop of wire through a magnetic field induces an electromotive force in the wire.

Types of Electric Generators

There are two main types of electric generators:

1. Alternators: These produce alternating current (AC). They are the most commonly used type of generator.
2. Dynamos: These produce direct current (DC). They were the first type of electric generator capable of delivering power for industry.

Working Principle

The working principle of an electric generator is based on Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction. When a conductor moves in a magnetic field, an electromotive force gets induced across the conductor. The direction of this induced electromotive force depends upon the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of movement of the conductor.

Applications

Electric generators have a wide range of applications. They are used in power plants to generate electricity for homes and businesses. They are also used in vehicles like cars and ships to power electrical systems. Portable generators are used in places where there is no access to the power grid.

See Also

• Electricity
• Electromagnetic induction
• Michael Faraday
• Alternator
• Dynamo

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