Encephalitis periaxialis concentrica
=Encephalitis Periaxialis Concentrica =
Encephalitis Periaxialis Concentrica, also known as Balo's concentric sclerosis, is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is characterized by the presence of concentric layers of demyelination in the brain, which can be observed through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This condition is considered a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), but it has distinct pathological and clinical features.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Patients with Encephalitis Periaxialis Concentrica typically present with acute neurological symptoms that can include:
- Motor weakness
- Sensory disturbances
- Visual impairment
- Cognitive dysfunction
The onset of symptoms is often rapid, and the disease can progress quickly, leading to significant disability.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
The exact cause of Encephalitis Periaxialis Concentrica is not well understood, but it is believed to involve an autoimmune process similar to that seen in multiple sclerosis. The hallmark of the disease is the presence of concentric rings of demyelination, which are thought to result from alternating cycles of demyelination and remyelination.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of Encephalitis Periaxialis Concentrica is primarily based on MRI findings, which reveal the characteristic concentric rings. Additional diagnostic tools may include:
- Lumbar puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Blood tests to rule out other conditions
- Neurological examination
Treatment[edit | edit source]
There is no specific cure for Encephalitis Periaxialis Concentrica, and treatment is generally supportive and symptomatic. Options may include:
- Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
- Immunosuppressive therapies
- Physical therapy to manage symptoms
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for patients with Encephalitis Periaxialis Concentrica varies. Some individuals may experience a single episode with partial recovery, while others may have a more progressive course leading to severe disability.
Research and Future Directions[edit | edit source]
Ongoing research is focused on better understanding the pathogenesis of Encephalitis Periaxialis Concentrica and developing targeted therapies. Advances in imaging techniques and immunological studies may provide new insights into the disease.
See Also[edit | edit source]
External Links[edit | edit source]
- [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke](https://www.ninds.nih.gov/)
- [Multiple Sclerosis Society](https://www.nationalmssociety.org/)
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Encephalitis periaxialis concentrica is a rare disease.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
