Encephalomyelitis, myalgic

Encephalomyelitis, Myalgic

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), also known as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), is a complex, chronic disease characterized by extreme fatigue that is not improved by rest and may be worsened by physical or mental activity. The condition affects multiple systems in the body, including the neurological, immune, and endocrine systems.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis is persistent fatigue that significantly reduces the patient's ability to engage in pre-illness levels of activity. Other symptoms may include:

• Post-exertional malaise (PEM), where symptoms worsen after physical or mental exertion.
• Unrefreshing sleep.
• Cognitive impairments, often referred to as "brain fog," which can affect memory, concentration, and information processing.
• Orthostatic intolerance, which involves symptoms that worsen upon standing or sitting upright.
• Muscle and joint pain without swelling or redness.
• Headaches of a new type, pattern, or severity.
• Sore throat and tender lymph nodes.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing Myalgic Encephalomyelitis can be challenging due to the lack of specific laboratory tests and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical evaluation and the exclusion of other possible causes of fatigue. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other health organizations have established criteria to aid in diagnosis.

Etiology

The exact cause of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis is unknown, but several factors are thought to contribute to its development, including:

• Viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus or human herpesvirus 6.
• Immune system dysfunction.
• Hormonal imbalances.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Physical or emotional stress.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, and treatment focuses on symptom management. Approaches may include:

• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help manage the psychological impact of the disease.
• Graded exercise therapy (GET), although this is controversial and not recommended by all experts.
• Medications to manage pain, sleep disturbances, and other symptoms.
• Lifestyle changes, such as pacing activities to avoid overexertion.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis varies. Some patients experience improvement over time, while others may have symptoms that persist or worsen. The condition can significantly impact quality of life and daily functioning.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the underlying mechanisms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, identifying biomarkers for diagnosis, and developing effective treatments. Studies are exploring the role of the immune system, the microbiome, and metabolic dysfunction in the disease.

Also see

• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• Fibromyalgia
• Post-viral fatigue syndrome
• Autoimmune diseases
• Neurological disorders

Classification
External resources