Endodermis

Endodermis is the innermost layer of cells in the cortex of a plant root. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of nutrient and water uptake in plants. The endodermis is a single layer of cells that separates the cortex from the pericycle and the vascular tissue in the root of a plant.

Function

The primary function of the endodermis is to regulate the flow of water, ions and hormones into and out of the xylem and phloem. This is achieved through a band of suberin, known as the Casparian strip, which is present in the radial and transverse walls of the endodermal cells. The Casparian strip acts as a barrier to apoplastic flow of water and solutes, forcing them to cross the plasma membrane of endodermal cells, where they can be selectively regulated.

Structure

The endodermis is a single layer of cells that separates the cortex from the pericycle and the vascular tissue in the root of a plant. The cells of the endodermis are closely packed, with no intercellular spaces, and they are characterized by the presence of the Casparian strip in their walls.

Development

The endodermis originates from the ground meristem, which is one of the primary meristems in a plant. The cells of the endodermis undergo differentiation to develop the Casparian strip, which is a band of suberin in the radial and transverse walls of the endodermal cells.

Role in Plant Health

The endodermis plays a crucial role in plant health by regulating the uptake of nutrients and water, and by preventing the entry of pathogens into the vascular system of the plant. It also plays a role in the regulation of plant growth hormones, such as auxin, which are transported in the xylem and phloem.

See Also

• Cortex (botany)
• Pericycle
• Xylem
• Phloem
• Casparian strip
• Ground meristem
• Auxin

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