Endothelial cell

Endothelial cells are cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. They are a type of epithelium.

Structure

Endothelial cells are flat and aligned, creating a smooth lining for the vessels. They have a unique shape that is elongated and oriented in the direction of fluid flow. This structure allows them to effectively manage the flow of blood and lymph.

Function

Endothelial cells play a critical role in the regulation of vascular tone and control of blood flow. They produce a variety of substances that regulate vasodilation and vasoconstriction, and they also play a role in blood clotting and inflammation.

Endothelial cells are also involved in the formation of new blood vessels, a process known as angiogenesis. They can divide and migrate to form new vessels in response to signals such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Clinical significance

Damage to or dysfunction of endothelial cells can lead to a number of health problems, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart disease. In addition, endothelial cell dysfunction is a key factor in the development of cancer, as it can promote the growth of new blood vessels that feed tumors.

Research

Research into endothelial cells is ongoing, with scientists seeking to better understand their role in health and disease. This research could lead to new treatments for a variety of conditions, including heart disease, cancer, and other diseases that involve the blood vessels.

See also

• Vascular endothelial growth factor
• Blood vessels
• Lymphatic vessels
• Epithelium
• Angiogenesis

References

Endothelial cell Resources
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