Endothelin

Endothelin is a family of proteins that are potent vasoconstrictors, meaning they constrict blood vessels and increase blood pressure. They are produced by the endothelium, the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels.

Overview

Endothelins are 21-amino acid vasoconstricting peptides produced primarily in the endothelium having a key role in vascular homeostasis. Endothelins are implicated in vascular diseases of several organ systems, including the heart, general circulation and brain.

Types of Endothelin

There are three members of the endothelin family: Endothelin-1, Endothelin-2, and Endothelin-3. They are all isoforms of each other, meaning they have the same number and types of amino acids, but in a different order.

Function

Endothelins are the most potent vasoconstrictors known. In addition to constricting blood vessels and raising blood pressure, endothelins have a range of other biological effects, including controlling the cell proliferation and hormone production.

Clinical Significance

Abnormal levels of endothelin can lead to a number of health problems. For example, high levels of endothelin can lead to hypertension (high blood pressure), heart disease, and stroke. On the other hand, low levels of endothelin can lead to hypotension (low blood pressure), shock, and other conditions.

See Also

• Vasoconstriction
• Blood Pressure
• Endothelium

References

Endothelin Resources
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