Endothelin-2

Endothelin-2 (ET-2) is a peptide that is part of the endothelin family. It is produced primarily in the kidneys and lungs, and plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure and vasoconstriction.

Structure

ET-2 is a 21-amino acid peptide, which is produced as a prepro-endothelin and then cleaved by endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) to form the mature peptide. The structure of ET-2 is highly conserved among different species, indicating its important physiological role.

Function

ET-2 acts as a potent vasoconstrictor, meaning it constricts the blood vessels, thereby increasing blood pressure. It does this by binding to the endothelin receptors, ET_A and ET_B, which are found on the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels. This binding triggers a cascade of events that ultimately leads to the contraction of these cells.

In addition to its role in blood pressure regulation, ET-2 is also involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis. It has been implicated in a number of pathological conditions, including hypertension, heart failure, and kidney disease.

Clinical significance

Due to its role in various pathological conditions, ET-2 has been the target of numerous therapeutic interventions. For example, endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) have been developed to block the action of ET-2, and have shown promise in the treatment of conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension.

See also

• Endothelin-1
• Endothelin-3
• Endothelin receptor