Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) is a type of pathogenic bacteria that is closely related to Shigella species in genetic and pathogenic terms. EIEC is one of the six recognized categories of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli.

Characteristics

EIEC strains are characterized by their ability to invade epithelial cells of the colon, causing a disease similar to Shigellosis. The primary symptoms of EIEC infection include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.

Pathogenesis

EIEC pathogenesis involves the invasion and destruction of the intestinal epithelium. The bacteria penetrate the intestinal epithelial cells, multiply, and spread to adjacent cells, causing tissue destruction and inflammation. This process is facilitated by a set of virulence factors encoded on a 140-MDa plasmid.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of EIEC infection is typically made by stool culture. Treatment usually involves rehydration and, in severe cases, antibiotics. However, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance among EIEC strains is a growing concern.

Epidemiology

EIEC is a significant cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, particularly in developing countries with poor sanitation. Outbreaks are often associated with contaminated food and water.

Prevention

Prevention of EIEC infection primarily involves proper food handling and sanitation practices. There is currently no vaccine available for EIEC.

See also

• Escherichia coli
• Shigellosis
• Bacterial gastroenteritis